How it works

Explore the rigorous layers of laws and oversight used to verify every voter, secure every ballot, and guarantee accurate results.

Verify Voters

Minnesota verifies voter identity, residence, and eligibility through registration requirements, government records, and election-worker review so only eligible U.S. Citizens can vote.

Eligibility Requirements

  • Voters must be U.S. citizens, Minnesota residents for at least 20 days, at least 18 years old by Election Day, and legally eligible to vote.
  • Voters must provide identification, proof of residence, and an oath confirming their eligibility.

Identity and Address Verification

  • Registration information is checked against Driver and Vehicle Services, Social Security Administration, Department of Health, and court records.
  • Officials mail a non-forwardable Postal Verification Card to confirm the voter’s address. Records requiring additional review are flagged.

Registration through Automatic Voter Registration

  • At the Division of Motor Vehicles, citizenship documentation is reviewed through a two-step process. Records that cannot be verified are flagged for review .

Same-Day Registration and Vouching

  • Same-day registrations are recorded for follow-up verification. Same-day registrants must provide identification and proof of residence and undergo the same eligibility checks as other registrants.
  • Vouching confirms residence only. The voter must still provide identification and meet all other eligibility requirements.

Challenges and Complaints

  • Appointed challengers at the polls may question a voter’s eligibility only when they have personal knowledge that the voter is not eligible to vote at that location. Suspicion alone is not enough.
  • Suspected misconduct, discrimination, voter intimidation, or other election irregularities may be reported through the appropriate county or state complaint processes.
Verify Voters

Minnesota verifies voter identity, residence,and eligibility through registration requirements, government records, and election-worker review so only eligible U.S. Citizens can vote.

Eligibility Requirements

  • Voters must be U.S. citizens, Minnesota residents for at least 20 days, at least 18 years old by Election Day, and legally eligible to vote.
  • Voters must provide identification, proof of residence, and an oath confirming their eligibility.

Identity and Address Verification

  • Registration information is checked against Driver and Vehicle Services, Social Security Administration, Department of Health, and court records.
  • Officials mail a non-forwardable Postal Verification Card to confirm the voter’s address. Records requiring additional review are flagged.

Registration through Automatic Voter Registration

  • At the Division of Motor Vehicles, citizenship documentation is reviewed through a two-step process. Records that cannot be verified are flagged for review .

Same-Day Registration and Vouching

  • Same-day registrations are recorded for follow-up verification. Same-day registrants must provide identification and proof of residence and undergo the same eligibility checks as other registrants.
  • Vouching confirms residence only. The voter must still provide identification and meet all other eligibility requirements.

Challenges and Complaints

  • Appointed challengers at the polls may question a voter’s eligibility only when they have personal knowledge that the voter is not eligible to vote at that location. Suspicion alone is not enough.
  • Suspected misconduct, discrimination, voter intimidation, or other election irregularities may be reported through the appropriate county or state complaint processes.
Secure Votes

Minnesota uses these processes to ensure that voting equipment and paper ballots are secured.

Tested and Secured Equipment

  • Voting equipment must meet federal and state certification requirements for accuracy, security, and accessibility.
  • Counties and municipalities conduct public accuracy tests before and after every election.
  • Election judges from different political parties observe the tests.
  • After testing, voting machines are secured and sealed until voting begins.

Local Trained Election Workers

  • Election judges take an oath to administer elections fairly and receive training on Minnesota election procedures and state and federal election laws.
  • Bipartisan teams oversee key election activities, including equipment testing and ballot processing and reporting.

Absentee and Early Voting

  • Absentee ballots require identity verification, a witness, and the voter’s signature.
  • At least two members of an absentee ballot board review each ballot envelope before accepting it.
  • Accepted absentee ballots are recorded in the Statewide Voter Registration System and securely stored until counting.

Local Counting and Reporting

  • Local election officials count and verify ballots in their own jurisdictions. The Secretary of State’s Office receives statewide results but does not handle or count voted ballots.
  • Officials document the results, secure and seal the voted ballots and equipment, and securely report the totals to county or municipal officials.

Secure Election Records

  • After counting and auditing, voted ballots and other election materials remain securely stored by local election offices.
  • Minnesota retains these materials for 22 months, as required by state and federal law.
Secure Votes

Minnesota uses these processes to ensure that voting equipment and paper ballots are secured.

Tested and Secured Equipment

  • Voting equipment must meet federal and state certification requirements for accuracy, security, and accessibility.
  • Counties and municipalities conduct public accuracy tests before and after every election.
  • Election judges from different political parties observe the tests.
  • After testing, voting machines are secured and sealed until voting begins.

Local Trained Election Workers

  • Election judges take an oath to administer elections fairly and receive training on Minnesota election procedures and state and federal election laws.
  • Bipartisan teams oversee key election activities, including equipment testing and ballot processing and reporting.

Absentee and Early Voting

  • Absentee ballots require identity verification, a witness, and the voter’s signature.
  • At least two members of an absentee ballot board review each ballot envelope before accepting it.
  • Accepted absentee ballots are recorded in the Statewide Voter Registration System and securely stored until counting.

Local Counting and Reporting

  • Local election officials count and verify ballots in their own jurisdictions. The Secretary of State’s Office receives statewide results but does not handle or count voted ballots.
  • Officials document the results, secure and seal the voted ballots and equipment, and securely report the totals to county or municipal officials.

Secure Election Records

  • After counting and auditing, voted ballots and other election materials remain securely stored by local election offices.
  • Minnesota retains these materials for 22 months, as required by state and federal law.
Audit Results

 

Minnesota verifies election results through bipartisan ballot reconciliation, public audits, canvassing, and recounts.

Reconcile Ballots and Results

  • After the polls close, election judges compare the number of ballots issued, the voting equipment total, and the number of physical paper ballots.
  • Officials document precinct results, confirm that ballots are properly accounted for, and securely transmit the results to county or municipal officials.
  • Results remain unofficial until the canvassing and certification process is completed.

Conduct Public Post-Election Audits

  • A bipartisan, public post-election audit is conducted for local, state, and federal elections.
  • At least two precincts in every county are randomly selected for a hand count.
  • The hand-counted results are compared with the voting equipment totals to check accuracy.

Canvass and Certify Results

  • County and state canvassing boards publicly review and certify election results. Their meetings are open to observers in person, with remote or hybrid access.
  • Officials review voter records against relevant government databases. Potentially ineligible voters are flagged and may be referred for further investigation.

Recounts and Election Contests

  • Candidates may request a recount or contest an election.
  • Recounts may be publicly funded when the results fall within the required margin. Other recounts may be available if the requesting candidate provides funding.
  • The public may observe recounts and attend county and state canvassing-board meetings.

 

Audit Results

 

Minnesota verifies election results through bipartisan ballot reconciliation, public audits, canvassing, and recounts.

Reconcile Ballots and Results

  • After the polls close, election judges compare the number of ballots issued, the voting equipment total, and the number of physical paper ballots.
  • Officials document precinct results, confirm that ballots are properly accounted for, and securely transmit the results to county or municipal officials.
  • Results remain unofficial until the canvassing and certification process is completed.

Conduct Public Post-Election Audits

  • A bipartisan, public post-election audit is conducted for local, state, and federal elections.
  • At least two precincts in every county are randomly selected for a hand count.
  • The hand-counted results are compared with the voting equipment totals to check accuracy.

Canvass and Certify Results

  • County and state canvassing boards publicly review and certify election results. Their meetings are open to observers in person, with remote or hybrid access.
  • Officials review voter records against relevant government databases. Potentially ineligible voters are flagged and may be referred for further investigation.

Recounts and Election Contests

  • Candidates may request a recount or contest an election.
  • Recounts may be publicly funded when the results fall within the required margin. Other recounts may be available if the requesting candidate provides funding.
  • The public may observe recounts and attend county and state canvassing-board meetings.

 

Jory
“I think a lot of people may not understand how much work goes into the elections to make sure that it is secure and accurate… The people that are behind the scenes [are] really working hard to ensure that all takes place.”

MEET THE MINNESOTANS WHO RUN YOUR ELECTIONS

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Kianna

“The difference of backgrounds is really important…. Knowing that those different perspectives are part of the process is vital to how our community is built.”

John
“I always believed our process was fair, but after getting involved as an election judge, it changed from a perception of fairness to something I could point to specific things to prove.”

Frequently Asked Questions

Are Minnesota elections safe and secure?

Minnesota elections have multiple safeguards before, during, and after Election Day. Elections are administered locally, use paper ballots, require testing of voting equipment, and include public post-election reviews to verify results.

See our How Elections Work section for the full process.

Does Minnesota use paper ballots?

Yes. Every ballot cast in Minnesota is a paper ballot, creating a physical record that can be used to verify election results. Ballots are securely stored locally before, during, and after elections.

See our Secure Votes section for the full process.

Are the results reported on election night final?

No. Election Day is the deadline to vote, not the deadline to count. The counting process continues until every single vote is verified.For the final official word on the winner, please refer to state and local election officials.  

See our Audit Results section for the full process.

Can someone vote more than once?

Minnesota election officials use the statewide voter registration system and ballot-tracking procedures to prevent multiple votes from being counted. For example, once an absentee ballot is accepted, that information is recorded so election officials can identify if the voter attempts to vote again.

See our Secure Votes section for the full process.

Can non-U.S. citizens vote in Minnesota elections?

No. U.S. citizenship is required to vote in Minnesota elections, including local elections. Voter registrations are verified using state and federal records.

See our Verify Voters section for the full process.

How are Minnesota's voter rolls kept accurate?

Local election officials maintain voter registrations through Minnesota’s Statewide Voter Registration System. Records are regularly updated using information concerning deaths, address changes, incarceration status, and other eligibility information supplied by government agencies.

 See our Verify Voters section for the full process.

 

Where can I get reliable information about Minnesota elections?

Clean Elections Minnesota points voters to the Minnesota Secretary of State and the League of Women Voters’ VOTE411 as resources for election information. Clean Elections Minnesota also provides educational materials explaining Minnesota’s election safeguards and common election claims.

How does vouching work?

Of the small number of people who use vouching, over 70% are already registered voters who have recently moved to their precinct. It is designed for voters who lack immediate proof of residence. The process requires two layers of verification: a registered neighbor must legally vouch for their residency, and the voter must provide a valid ID (e.g., MN driver’s license or last 4 digits of SSN) to confirm their identity. Officials then audit these registrations against government and postal data after the election.   

See our Verify Voters section for the full process.

More Details about Minnesota Elections

A good place to start

Who Runs Minnesota’s Elections

The people checking you in and handing you a ballot are often your neighbors. Learn how training, political balance and shared responsibilities guide the local election judges who help run Minnesota’s elections.

read more

Want the Deeper Details?

The League of Women Voters and Minnesota Secretary of State’s Office contributed infirmation to this website.